This is the second installment of the twopart series on the rise of the islamic state of iraq and syria isis and its security implications for the philippines. By december 2017 it had lost 95 percent of its territory, including its two biggest properties, mosul, iraq s second largest city, and the northern syrian city of raqqa, its nominal capital. Policy department, directorate general for external policies. Nov 02, 2014 in the aftermath of the invasion of iraq in 2003, saddam hussein, the man who ruled the country with an iron fist, was captured. Islamic states is current and historical operations in iraq, as well as the historic and current drivers of. An update ng 2014, and in part on sums that volunteers bring with them often derived from the muslim custom of zakatis rumoured to allow it to pay its fighters a salary. A timeline of the islamic state in iraq and syria the hindu. Since 1979, iran has made it a policy of state to actively direct. Threatening both its caliphate project and its sources of funding, the series of military setbacks that the so called islamic state group is has suffered for several months have called into question the groups very existence.
With a comprehensive analysis of the capabilities of isis, the first installment. Indeed, although the groups have found tenuous common cause in military engagements such as iraq, their relations have been characterized by distrust, open. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the islamic state of iraq and syria. Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from islamic state forces in ira and syria islamic state weapons in iraq and syria case 3. By 2014, isis controlled 100,000 square kilometers of. By november 2017 the group was considered effectively defeated. This start fact sheet examines the evolution of the islamic state of iraq and the levant isil by enumerating the relationships the terrorist organization has held since 2004. This extremist group sought to foment civil war within islam, declaring all shia, and indeed all muslims who did not espouse the groups interpretations of the koran, as murtaddin apostates, thus permitting them to be killed according to many. The financing of the islamic state in iraq and syria isis abstract. The rise of islamic state of iraq and syria isis establishment the story of isis goes back to abumusab alzarqawi who was imprisoned in jordan for 5 years, after being sentenced 15 years for the possession of weapons and being affiliated to the bayat aljihadi. Saudi arabia is weak and troubled, but more important are the regional dynamics in play. The islamic state according to the regional arabic resources has about 10,000100,000 fight ers estimated number, the figures are extraordinarily wideranging 3 alone which equal with the strength of other rebel groups together.
The islamic state of iraq and syria isisalso referred to as the islamic state of iraq and the levant isil, the islamic state, or daesh split from alqaida in 2014 and established its selfproclaimed caliphate. The border region between iraq and syria divided by the euphrates river was long expected to be the islamic states last stand, but many of its fighters there melted away instead. The history of isisisil kindle edition by charles river editors. The islamic state of iraq and alsham smallcalibre ammunition in libya. The islamic state of iraq and syriaalso know as isis or isilis a jihadist militant group and terrorist organization that formed in 1999. Islamic state of iraq and the levant isil, or islamic state in iraq and syria isis, or islamic state, is is a sunni jihadist militant group. Sep 01, 2014 on june 29, 2014or the first of ramadan, 1435, for those who prefer the islamic calendar to the gregorianthe leaders of the islamic state of iraq and sham isis publicly uttered for the. Islamic state in iraq and the levant isil, transnational insurgent group based in western iraq and eastern syria. They named themselves that to assert their dominance. Islamic republics destabilizing support for proxies and terrorist groups. The jihadist group islamic state is burst on to the international scene in 2014 when it seized large swathes of territory in syria and iraq. The following is a timeline of the rise, spread and and fall of the islamic state. The rise and fall of the islamic state of iraq and alsham.
At its height, the islamic state also known as isis, isil, or daesh held about a third of syria and 40 percent of iraq. It cannot be said that western powers were not aware of the dangers of escalating instability in iraq and syria. Baghdadi then amplified violence in syria and iraq that culminated in the occupation of raqqa. Jul 01, 2014 the recent insurgency in iraq has spawned fresh questions about what interests the islamic state of iraq and alsham isis represents and how exactly the organization relates to alqaeda. Isil islamic state of iraq and the levant or daesh. Similar to the fundamentalist islamic ideology that goes back to. However, its imposition of extreme rules, suspicions over its actions and agenda, and clashes of. In a letter published by the coalition in february 2004, zarqawi wrote that jihadis should use.
The history of isisisil chronicles the birth and growth of the group, including the key figures and events that impacted its formation, as well as the ideology of the group and the historical context and environment that strengthened it. Oct 26, 2018 the defeat of the socalled islamic state has left sunni muslim populations crushed and shia muslim military forces victorious, although only after terrible sacrifices. Islamic state of iraq and syria isis is extremists step up as iraq, syria, grapple with virus the militant group is taking advantage of governments absorbed in. Small arms documented in northwestern iraq contd three us m16a4 5. Since 1999, is and its antecedents have consistently worked on creating the necessary conditions for establishing an islamic state. Sana dispatches april 2014 foreign jihadism in syria. This start fact sheet examines the evolution of the islamic state of iraq and the levant isil by enumerating the relationships the terrorist organization. The islamic state of iraq and syria also know as isis or isilis a jihadist militant group and terrorist organization that formed in 1999. It operates in libya, nigeria, syria and a small part of northern iraq. To ask other readers questions about the islamic state of iraq and syria, please sign up. Policy congressional research service summary the islamic state is, aka the islamic state of iraq and the levant, isilisis, or the arabic acronym daesh is a transnational sunni islamist insurgent and terrorist group that controlled large areas of iraq and syria from 2014 through 2017. Learn about the political instability in iraq, where it began, and the latest developments with the center for preventive actions global conflict tracker. An update ng perception is trumpeted by the syrian government, which casts itself as the last rampart in the fight against alqa eda and its brand of violent international terrorism.
Islamic state, terrorism, jihadism, is funding, syria, iraq. The evolution of the islamic state of iraq and the levant. The islamic state can be traced back to a single individual, a jordanian man known to history as abu musab alzarqawi, who became radicalized sometime in the mid1980s. Islamic state of iraq and syria was the name of the group when it captured mosul in 2014 and became the terrorist juggernaut it is today. In the aftermath of the invasion of iraq in 2003, saddam hussein, the man who ruled the country with an iron fist, was captured. Jun 14, 2014 it changed its name to the islamic state in iraq and the syria, or alsham, or the levant depending on your interpretation. Originally an affiliate of alqaeda, isil declared the establishment of a caliphate amid significant territorial gains in 2014. With the launching of usled air attacks on islamic state targets in syria itself, syrian president bashar al assad is likely to emerge as a winner while his allies russia and iran lie low about.
History of islamic state of iraq and the levant wikipedia. Categories aqim, shaykh abu abd allah uthman, islamic state of iraq and alsham alghuraba foundation for media production presents a new article from shaykh abu humam bakr bin abd al aziz alathari. As alsham is a region often compared with the levant or greater syria, the groups name has been variously translated as islamic state of iraq and alsham, islamic state of iraq and syria both abbreviated as isis, or islamic state of iraq and the levant abbreviated as isil. The islamic state looks at saudi arabia and sees a bunch of hypocrites. Aug 21, 2018 new forces, including the islamic state, joined the fight against the syrian regime. Islamic state in iraq and syria isis european parliament. After a few unsuccessful attempts to wage jihad abroad and a stint in a jordanian prison, alzarqawi hooked up with osama bin laden in afghanistan. Political instability in iraq global conflict tracker.
Support for the mujahidin of the islamic state of iraq and alsham. Isis, islamic state of iraq and the levant isil, daesh the arabic equivalent of isil, islamic state, terrorism, jihadist, iraq, syria islam and politics the islamic religion has been associated with politics since its establishment. Alqaeda in iraq chief abu bakr albaghdadi says that alnusra front, a jihadist group battling syrian president bashar alassads regime, is part of his islamic state of iraq and the levant isil. In 2014, the islamic state advanced into iraq from syria and took over parts of anbar province, eventually expanding control in the northern part of the country and capturing mosul in june 2014. In 2014, isis took over large areas of iraq and syria. Jihad, later alqaeda in iraq aqi and then the islamic state in iraq isi. The story of isis goes back to abumusab alzarqawi who was imprisoned in. In this hypocrisy the islamic state sees opportunity.
A history of the islamic states new caliphate in syria. Chapter seven highlights the enduring and increasingly irreversible tragedy of environmental degradation at the hands of the islamic republics selfserving leaders. Origins of isis islamic state of iraq and syria youtube. Dec 02, 2015 islamic state is is a radical sunni islamist militant group that has seized large swathes of territory in eastern syria and across northern and western iraq. By 2014, isis controlled 100,000 square kilometers of territory and. Islamic state of iraq and the levant simple english. Jan 17, 2017 the islamic state of iraq and syria isisalso referred to as the islamic state of iraq and the levant isil, the islamic state, or daesh split from alqaida in 2014 and established its selfproclaimed caliphate. The world is watching islamic state s lightning advance through syria to the gates of baghdad. The financing of the islamic state in syria and iraq isis. The world is watching islamic states lightning advance through syria to the gates of baghdad. The history of islamic state of iraq and the levant began with the groups foundation in 1999 by jordanian salafi jihadist abu musab alzarqawi under the name jama.
Rewriting history by michael griffin requirements pdf reader, 2. Isis, islamic state of iraq and the levant isil, daesh the arabic. Although the groups initial roots lie in jordan and afghanistan, the vast majority of its operational history relates to iraq and now, increasingly, syria. Islamic calendar to the gregorianthe leaders of the islamic state of iraq and sham isis publicly uttered. The available evidence suggests the withdrawals were part of a calculated strategy by the group after the fall of mosul to conserve manpower and. Chapter one recounts the long history of the islamic republics support for terrorism, primarily driven by the irgc. The groups momentum in iraq and syria withered in 2016 as local forces, backed by a u.
In 20, the group changed its name to the islamic state in iraq and syria isis and. The islamic states postcaliphate strategy the islamic states apparent decision to conserve forces for insurgency in the region stretching from deir ezzor governorate in syria to anbar province in iraq makes strategic sense given it has frequently highlighted the area as key to its survival and best suited for the base of a guerrilla war. On june 29, 2014, the islamic state in iraq and the levant isil declared a caliphate in territories it holds in iraq and syria. Baghdadi rebranded the outfit as the islamic state of iraq and levant in april 20 freemen, 2014. This profile divides the islamic states history into five periods and follows the group through several name changes. For the third time in fifteen years, the us risks being drawn into another war in the middle east despite its experiences in afghanistan and iraq. Islamic state of iraq and syria isis is extremists step up as iraq, syria, grapple with virus the militant group is taking advantage of governments absorbed in tackling the coronavirus pandemic. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. In his audio message on 8th april, he included jabhat alnusra jn as well, which is a terrorist organisation active in syria and affiliated to alqaida, as part of isis. Isis surfaced as one of the most prominent radical insurgent groups in iraq and syria. A short history of the islamic state geopolitical futures. It was 10 june 2014, and iraqs second biggest city, with a population of around two million, had just fallen to the militants of the group then calling itself islamic state in. The group organised a mass breakout of 500 detainees in iraqs. The defeat of the socalled islamic state has left sunni muslim populations crushed and shia muslim military forces victorious, although only after terrible sacrifices.